Instruments

On April 20, 1886, Alberta Mary Frances Caspar of London was granted a patent for developing a novel method to imitate stained glass. The invention included an adhesive surface designed to be applied directly to glass and a compound to preserve the coloring without alteration.

On May 16, 1911, Alexandra Gräfin von Dyhrn of Breslau, in the German Empire, was awarded a patent for developing a novel packaging that used a thin layer of confection.

On August 11, 1942, Epifania Layana of Los Angeles, California, patented an orthopedic arch brace designed to correct and support weakened foot muscles. Her non-stretch fabric brace fitted the foot like a glove and provided comfortable support to maintain proper bone alignment.

On November 25, 1915, Ilaria Lewicki patented a novel trunk ring designed to prevent pigs from digging up crops or disturbing their beds. With its angular outer shape, the ring caused slight discomfort when pressed against the animal’s body, effectively discouraging both digging and pushing behaviour.

On August 14, 1900, Isabella Miller of Union Ridge, West Virginia, was granted a patent for a novel awning designed to protect the roof and sides of a building from the sun.

On September 12, 1950, Lillian R. Kubias patented a turn-signaling device with illuminated transparent arms that extended from a vehicle to indicate direction. The system used solenoids and timed circuits to automatically deploy, flash, and retract the signal arms.

On April 23, 1907, Melissa Jane Wolfe of Los Angeles, California, received a patent for a burner attachment designed to make gas and vapor stoves more efficient. Her device used a two-chambered cylinder with a central flue and a heat-deflecting lid, allowing even cooking, protection from drafts, and the ability to heat multiple items at once.

On August 13, 1918, Theodosia E. Linfoot of Lambert, Oklahoma, patented an animal nose-yoke designed to keep livestock from escaping enclosures or damaging fences. Her invention featured a wire ring secured to the animal’s nose with a hanging chain, which caught on obstacles if the animal tried to push through or jump a fence.

On April 18, 1921, Yvonne Chrétien of Paris obtained a patent for a mobile machine that turned raw sawdust into fuel briquettes using heat and pressure. Installed next to a sawmill, it heated, prepared, and compressed the sawdust on the spot, converting a waste material into dense, efficient fuel.

On March 20, 1912, Yvonne-Suzanne Grawitz of Montpellier, France, patented a novel method for producing color stereoscopic images. By photographing each half of a stereo pair through complementary color filters (e.